Historians have come to record Espahan, Sepahan or Esfahan as a defense and military base. The security and protection of which was guaranteed by the increase of the number of castles, thereby, promoting the protection of the residents of the cities.

These historical castles are Atashgah, Sarooyieh, Tabarok, Kohan Dej, Gard Dej etc. to name a few. The plain of Esfahan which is situated amidst the wilderness and the arid hills of central Iran from one side, and the importance of its position in relation to the extensive central plateau of the country , plays a vital part in its connection with the historical and archaic past of Iran. Esfahan Province encompasses various sects. The majority of the people in the province are Fars, but Bakhtiaris, Armenians, Hebrews and to a certain extent Azari or Turks are also residents of this province. The official language of the province is Farsi or the Persian, though the minorities abide by their own language such as Hebrew, Turkish or Lori. Esfahan Province is noted for its reputed personalities such as writers, poets and other imminent figures who have been born and brought up or have lived in this territory.